Instance Types, AMIs, and Storage

Choosing the right instance type is an architectural decision.

EC2 instance types are grouped by workload patterns:

  • General purpose (balanced CPU/memory2)
  • Compute optimized
  • Memory optimized
  • Storage optimized
  • GPU/accelerated computing

Instance selection affects:

  • Performance
  • Cost
  • Scalability
  • Application stability

For example, a memory-intensive analytics engine on a compute-optimized instance will underperform. The architecture must align with workload characteristics.

An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) defines the template for your instance. It includes:

  • Operating system
  • Preinstalled software
  • Configuration settings

Production insight:

Never manually configure instances in production. Instead:

  • Create a hardened base AMI.
  • Bake dependencies into the image.
  • Version your AMIs.
  • Deploy immutable infrastructure.

Storage considerations:

EC2 commonly uses Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) for persistent storage. Instance store volumes provide temporary storage tied to the instance lifecycle.

Architectural implications:

  • EBS volumes survive instance termination (if configured).
  • Instance store does not.
  • Separate compute from data when possible.

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